<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en-US">
  <head>
    <meta charset="utf-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1">
    <title>第 1 小节：什么是开源 | 开源指北</title>
    <meta name="generator" content="VuePress 1.8.0">
    <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/react/umd/react.production.min.js"></script>
    <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/react-dom/umd/react-dom.production.min.js"></script>
    <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/vue/dist/vue.min.js"></script>
    <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/@babel/standalone/babel.min.js"></script>
    <link rel="icon" href="/presstest/favicon.ico">
    <link rel="icon" href="/presstest/assets/icon/chrome-mask-512.png" type="image/png" sizes="512x512">
    <link rel="icon" href="/presstest/assets/icon/chrome-mask-192.png" type="image/png" sizes="192x192">
    <link rel="icon" href="/presstest/assets/icon/chrome-512.png" type="image/png" sizes="512x512">
    <link rel="icon" href="/presstest/assets/icon/chrome-192.png" type="image/png" sizes="192x192">
    <link rel="manifest" href="/presstest/manifest.webmanifest" crossorigin="use-credentials">
    <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/presstest/assets/icon/apple-icon-152.png">
    <meta name="description" content="一份给开源新手的保姆级开源百科">
    <meta property="og:url" content="https://vuepress-theme-demo.mrhope.site/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E9%83%A8%E5%88%86%EF%BC%9A%E5%88%9D%E8%AF%86%E5%BC%80%E6%BA%90/%E7%AC%AC%201%20%E5%B0%8F%E8%8A%82%EF%BC%9A%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E6%98%AF%E5%BC%80%E6%BA%90.html">
    <meta property="og:site_name" content="开源指北">
    <meta property="og:title" content="第 1 小节：什么是开源">
    <meta property="og:type" content="article">
    <meta property="og:locale" content="en-US">
    <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image">
    <meta name="twitter:image:alt" content="开源指北">
    <meta property="article:author" content="开源指北编写小组">
    <meta name="theme-color" content="#46bd87">
    <meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes">
    <meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-status-bar-style" content="black">
    <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="/assets/icon/ms-icon-144.png">
    <meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#ffffff">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0, user-scalable=no, viewport-fit=cover">
    
    <link rel="preload" href="/presstest/assets/css/0.styles.bab820ff.css" as="style"><link rel="preload" href="/presstest/assets/js/app.2f1bfa80.js" as="script"><link rel="preload" href="/presstest/assets/js/layout-Layout.87e745e0.js" as="script"><link rel="preload" href="/presstest/assets/js/vendors~layout-Blog~layout-Layout~layout-NotFound.5885b1db.js" as="script"><link rel="preload" href="/presstest/assets/js/vendors~layout-Blog~layout-Layout~layout-NotFound~layout-Slide.19644d68.js" as="script"><link rel="preload" href="/presstest/assets/js/vendors~layout-Blog~layout-Layout.5e573c4d.js" as="script"><link rel="preload" href="/presstest/assets/js/page-第1小节：什么是开源.7757fa39.js" as="script"><link rel="prefetch" href="/presstest/assets/js/54.103e364b.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/presstest/assets/js/55.0e057ec2.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/presstest/assets/js/56.4340d876.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/presstest/assets/js/57.d98861e6.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/presstest/assets/js/58.904015a7.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/presstest/assets/js/layout-Blog.b44342cf.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/presstest/assets/js/layout-NotFound.a47013aa.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/presstest/assets/js/layout-Slide.6c07e077.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/presstest/assets/js/page-开源指北.b028ea3e.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/presstest/assets/js/page-第1小节：个人维护和建立社区，两者如何选择.be94170a.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/presstest/assets/js/page-第1小节：如何找到适合自己学习和使用的开源项目.a1bd7da8.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/presstest/assets/js/page-第1小节：开源项目中的不同角色.7f341f65.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/presstest/assets/js/page-第1小节：怎样在本职工作和开源项目间做好平衡.cf4b1a56.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/presstest/assets/js/page-第1小节：有了开源的想法后从何开始.565acce8.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/presstest/assets/js/page-第2小节：个人为什么要参与开源贡献.1baa602b.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/presstest/assets/js/page-第2小节：为开源项目建立良好的基础.4dde99c0.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/presstest/assets/js/page-第2小节：关于开源项目的商业化.19073793.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/presstest/assets/js/page-第2小节：开源与个人技术成长.296505c5.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/presstest/assets/js/page-第2小节：开源项目的源代码该怎么读.cd7b6074.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/presstest/assets/js/page-第2小节：打造开源社区.83a50dd2.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/presstest/assets/js/page-第3小节：企业为什么要参与开源.58e94b70.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/presstest/assets/js/page-第3小节：如何判断一个项目是否是开源的.b78fba85.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/presstest/assets/js/page-第3小节：开源许可证的应用.57265395.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/presstest/assets/js/page-第3小节：开源项目的常见治理架构.49103421.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/presstest/assets/js/page-第3小节：认识开源许可证.7e3abb0b.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/presstest/assets/js/page-第4小节：为自己的开源项目建立贡献准则.0d4cddbc.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/presstest/assets/js/page-第4小节：关于开源基金会.4990275e.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/presstest/assets/js/page-第4小节：可以用哪些方式参与开源.b32e9ffa.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/presstest/assets/js/page-第4小节：开源中的赞赏文化.6a0b71be.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/presstest/assets/js/page-第4小节：确保开源代码质量的几个要点.952e9b26.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/presstest/assets/js/page-第5小节：如何找到最强开源项目.a2715494.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/presstest/assets/js/page-第5小节：如何找到适合的项目进行贡献.4d139b27.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/presstest/assets/js/page-第5小节：开源项目的维护和管理.cfbce288.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/presstest/assets/js/page-第5小节：有关开源的常见误区.9b6fc03d.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/presstest/assets/js/page-第6小节：CONTRIBUTING编写.b024cf43.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/presstest/assets/js/page-第6小节：常见文件认识.8c024542.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/presstest/assets/js/page-第6小节：提交第一个Issue.25921032.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/presstest/assets/js/page-第7小节：企业视角看待开源.1144c4ca.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/presstest/assets/js/page-第7小节：提交第一个PullRequest.5f49ddbc.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/presstest/assets/js/page-第8小节：如何成为一个项目的核心贡献者.1f39bf0d.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/presstest/assets/js/page-第8小节：开源发展趋势.a79afcbb.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/presstest/assets/js/page-第9小节：开源项目的贡献准则和贡献者公约.ea564d6c.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/presstest/assets/js/page-第一部分：初识开源.5e449a6a.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/presstest/assets/js/page-第三部分：尝试参与开源.ff6804a5.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/presstest/assets/js/page-第二部分：学习和使用开源项目.89615154.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/presstest/assets/js/page-第五部分：开源治理.fcf2766b.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/presstest/assets/js/page-第六部分：有关开源的其他问题.964a2af5.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/presstest/assets/js/page-第四部分：启动自己的开源项目.f46503a5.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/presstest/assets/js/vendors~flowchart.af876bfc.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/presstest/assets/js/vendors~photo-swipe.edee0a99.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/presstest/assets/js/vendors~reveal.24dd46f7.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/presstest/assets/js/vendors~valine.f7b972d5.js">
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="/presstest/assets/css/0.styles.bab820ff.css">
  </head>
  <body>
    <div id="app" data-server-rendered="true"><div class="theme-container has-navbar has-sidebar has-anchor"><header class="navbar"><button class="sidebar-button"><span class="icon"></span></button> <a href="/presstest/" class="home-link router-link-active"><img src="/presstest/logo.svg" alt="开源指北" class="logo"> <!----> <span class="site-name can-hide">开源指北</span></a> <div class="links"><button class="color-button"><svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="skin-icon"><path d="M224 800c0 9.6 3.2 44.8 6.4 54.4 6.4 48-48 76.8-48 76.8s80 41.6 147.2 0 134.4-134.4
        38.4-195.2c-22.4-12.8-41.6-19.2-57.6-19.2C259.2 716.8 227.2 761.6 224 800zM560 675.2l-32
        51.2c-51.2 51.2-83.2 32-83.2 32 25.6 67.2 0 112-12.8 128 25.6 6.4 51.2 9.6 80 9.6 54.4 0
        102.4-9.6 150.4-32l0 0c3.2 0 3.2-3.2 3.2-3.2 22.4-16 12.8-35.2
        6.4-44.8-9.6-12.8-12.8-25.6-12.8-41.6 0-54.4 60.8-99.2 137.6-99.2 6.4 0 12.8 0 22.4
        0 12.8 0 38.4 9.6 48-25.6 0-3.2 0-3.2 3.2-6.4 0-3.2 3.2-6.4 3.2-6.4 6.4-16 6.4-16 6.4-19.2
        9.6-35.2 16-73.6 16-115.2 0-105.6-41.6-198.4-108.8-268.8C704 396.8 560 675.2 560 675.2zM224
        419.2c0-28.8 22.4-51.2 51.2-51.2 28.8 0 51.2 22.4 51.2 51.2 0 28.8-22.4 51.2-51.2 51.2C246.4
        470.4 224 448 224 419.2zM320 284.8c0-22.4 19.2-41.6 41.6-41.6 22.4 0 41.6 19.2 41.6 41.6 0
        22.4-19.2 41.6-41.6 41.6C339.2 326.4 320 307.2 320 284.8zM457.6 208c0-12.8 12.8-25.6 25.6-25.6
        12.8 0 25.6 12.8 25.6 25.6 0 12.8-12.8 25.6-25.6 25.6C470.4 233.6 457.6 220.8 457.6 208zM128
        505.6C128 592 153.6 672 201.6 736c28.8-60.8 112-60.8 124.8-60.8-16-51.2 16-99.2
        16-99.2l316.8-422.4c-48-19.2-99.2-32-150.4-32C297.6 118.4 128 291.2 128 505.6zM764.8
        86.4c-22.4 19.2-390.4 518.4-390.4 518.4-22.4 28.8-12.8 76.8 22.4 99.2l9.6 6.4c35.2 22.4
        80 12.8 99.2-25.6 0 0 6.4-12.8 9.6-19.2 54.4-105.6 275.2-524.8 288-553.6
        6.4-19.2-3.2-32-19.2-32C777.6 76.8 771.2 80 764.8 86.4z"></path></svg> <div class="color-picker-menu" style="display:none;"><div class="theme-options"><ul class="themecolor-select"><label for="themecolor-select">Theme Color:</label> <li><a href="#" class="default-theme"></a></li> </ul> <div class="darkmode-toggle"><label for="darkmode-toggle" class="desc">Theme Mode:</label> <div class="darkmode-switch"><div class="item day"><svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon light-icon"><path d="M512 256a42.667 42.667 0 0042.667-42.667V128a42.667 42.667 0 00-85.334 0v85.333A42.667 42.667 0 00512 256zm384 213.333h-85.333a42.667 42.667 0 000 85.334H896a42.667 42.667 0 000-85.334zM256 512a42.667 42.667 0 00-42.667-42.667H128a42.667 42.667 0 000 85.334h85.333A42.667 42.667 0 00256 512zm9.387-298.667a42.667 42.667 0 00-59.307 62.72l61.44 59.307a42.667 42.667 0 0031.147 11.947 42.667 42.667 0 0030.72-13.227 42.667 42.667 0 000-60.16zm459.946 133.974a42.667 42.667 0 0029.44-11.947l61.44-59.307a42.667 42.667 0 00-57.6-62.72l-61.44 60.587a42.667 42.667 0 000 60.16 42.667 42.667 0 0028.16 13.227zM512 768a42.667 42.667 0 00-42.667 42.667V896a42.667 42.667 0 0085.334 0v-85.333A42.667 42.667 0 00512 768zm244.48-79.36a42.667 42.667 0 00-59.307 61.44l61.44 60.587a42.667 42.667 0 0029.44 11.946 42.667 42.667 0 0030.72-12.8 42.667 42.667 0 000-60.586zm-488.96 0l-61.44 59.307a42.667 42.667 0 000 60.586 42.667 42.667 0 0030.72 12.8 42.667 42.667 0 0028.587-10.666l61.44-59.307a42.667 42.667 0 00-59.307-61.44zM512 341.333A170.667 170.667 0 10682.667 512 170.667 170.667 0 00512 341.333z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></div> <div class="item auto active"><svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon auto-icon"><path d="M460.864 539.072H564.8L510.592 376l-49.728 163.072zM872 362.368V149.504H659.648L510.528 0l-149.12 149.504H149.12v212.928L0 511.872l149.12 149.504v212.928h212.352l149.12 149.504 149.12-149.504h212.352V661.376l149.12-149.504L872 362.368zM614.464 693.12l-31.616-90.624H438.272l-31.616 90.624h-85.888l144.576-407.68h90.368l144.576 407.68h-85.824zm0 0" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></div> <div class="item night"><svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon dark-icon"><path d="M935.539 630.402c-11.43-11.432-28.674-14.739-43.531-8.354-46.734 20.103-96.363 30.297-147.508 30.297-99.59 0-193.221-38.784-263.64-109.203-108.637-108.637-139.61-270.022-78.908-411.148a39.497 39.497 0 00-51.886-51.887c-52.637 22.64-100.017 54.81-140.826 95.616-85.346 85.346-132.346 198.821-132.346 319.52 0 120.7 47.001 234.172 132.347 319.519S408.063 947.11 528.76 947.11c120.7 0 234.172-47.003 319.52-132.351 40.809-40.81 72.978-88.19 95.616-140.826a39.497 39.497 0 00-8.356-43.532z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></div></div> <!----></div></div></div></button> <div class="search-box"><input aria-label="Search" autocomplete="off" spellcheck="false" value=""> <!----></div> <nav class="nav-links can-hide"><div class="nav-item"><a href="/presstest/" class="nav-link router-link-active"><i class="iconfont icon-home"></i>
  首页
</a></div> <a rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gitee.com/gitee-community/opensource-guide" target="_blank" class="repo-link">
    Gitee
    <span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></a></nav></div></header> <div class="sidebar-mask"></div> <aside class="sidebar"><div class="blogger-info mobile"><div class="blogger-wrapper"><div aria-label="Personal Intro" data-balloon-pos="down" class="blogger hasIntro"><img alt="blogger-avatar" src="/presstest/logo.svg" class="avatar"> <div class="name">开源指北编写小组</div></div></div> <div class="num-wrapper"><div><div class="num">40</div> <div>Articles</div></div> <div><div class="num">0</div> <div>Category</div></div> <div><div class="num">0</div> <div>Tags</div></div> <div><div class="num">0</div> <div>Timeline</div></div></div> <div class="media-links-wrapper bottom-media-link"><a href="https://gitee.com/gitee-community/opensource-guide" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Gitee" data-balloon-pos="up" class="media-link"><span class="sr-only">Gitee</span> <svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon icon-gitee"><circle cx="512" cy="512" r="512" fill="#C71D23"></circle> <path d="M772.953 454.723H480.17v.006a25.46 25.46 0 00-25.46 25.453l-.025 63.649a25.46 25.46 0 0025.46 25.466l178.242-.007a25.46 25.46 0 0125.459 25.46v12.73c0 42.18-34.198 76.378-76.378 76.378H365.583a25.46 25.46 0 01-25.46-25.46V416.533h-.006c0-42.18 34.192-76.378 76.378-76.378h356.388v-.013a25.46 25.46 0 0025.46-25.446l.057-63.65h.013a25.46 25.46 0 00-25.46-25.471l-356.432.012c-105.453 0-190.946 85.493-190.946 190.946v356.433a25.46 25.46 0 0025.46 25.46H626.56c94.913 0 171.852-76.94 171.852-171.852V480.182a25.46 25.46 0 00-25.46-25.46z" fill="#fff"></path></svg></a></div></div> <hr>  <nav class="nav-links"><div class="nav-item"><a href="/presstest/" class="nav-link router-link-active"><i class="iconfont icon-home"></i>
  首页
</a></div> <a rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gitee.com/gitee-community/opensource-guide" target="_blank" class="repo-link">
    Gitee
    <span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></a></nav>  <ul class="sidebar-links"><li><section class="sidebar-group depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading open"><!----> <span>第一部分：初识开源</span> <!----></p> <ul class="sidebar-links sidebar-group-items"><li><a href="/presstest/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E9%83%A8%E5%88%86%EF%BC%9A%E5%88%9D%E8%AF%86%E5%BC%80%E6%BA%90/%E7%AC%AC%201%20%E5%B0%8F%E8%8A%82%EF%BC%9A%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E6%98%AF%E5%BC%80%E6%BA%90/" aria-current="page" class="active sidebar-link">第 1 小节：什么是开源</a><ul class="sidebar-sub-headers"><li class="sidebar-sub-header"><a href="/presstest/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E9%83%A8%E5%88%86%EF%BC%9A%E5%88%9D%E8%AF%86%E5%BC%80%E6%BA%90/%E7%AC%AC%201%20%E5%B0%8F%E8%8A%82%EF%BC%9A%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E6%98%AF%E5%BC%80%E6%BA%90/#开源的概念" class="sidebar-link">开源的概念</a><ul class="sidebar-sub-headers"><li class="sidebar-sub-header"><a href="/presstest/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E9%83%A8%E5%88%86%EF%BC%9A%E5%88%9D%E8%AF%86%E5%BC%80%E6%BA%90/%E7%AC%AC%201%20%E5%B0%8F%E8%8A%82%EF%BC%9A%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E6%98%AF%E5%BC%80%E6%BA%90/#开源软件" class="sidebar-link">开源软件</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header"><a href="/presstest/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E9%83%A8%E5%88%86%EF%BC%9A%E5%88%9D%E8%AF%86%E5%BC%80%E6%BA%90/%E7%AC%AC%201%20%E5%B0%8F%E8%8A%82%EF%BC%9A%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E6%98%AF%E5%BC%80%E6%BA%90/#开源硬件" class="sidebar-link">开源硬件</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header"><a href="/presstest/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E9%83%A8%E5%88%86%EF%BC%9A%E5%88%9D%E8%AF%86%E5%BC%80%E6%BA%90/%E7%AC%AC%201%20%E5%B0%8F%E8%8A%82%EF%BC%9A%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E6%98%AF%E5%BC%80%E6%BA%90/#开源设计" class="sidebar-link">开源设计</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header"><a href="/presstest/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E9%83%A8%E5%88%86%EF%BC%9A%E5%88%9D%E8%AF%86%E5%BC%80%E6%BA%90/%E7%AC%AC%201%20%E5%B0%8F%E8%8A%82%EF%BC%9A%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E6%98%AF%E5%BC%80%E6%BA%90/#开源文档" class="sidebar-link">开源文档</a></li></ul></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header"><a href="/presstest/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E9%83%A8%E5%88%86%EF%BC%9A%E5%88%9D%E8%AF%86%E5%BC%80%E6%BA%90/%E7%AC%AC%201%20%E5%B0%8F%E8%8A%82%EF%BC%9A%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E6%98%AF%E5%BC%80%E6%BA%90/#开源的历史" class="sidebar-link">开源的历史</a><ul class="sidebar-sub-headers"><li class="sidebar-sub-header"><a href="/presstest/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E9%83%A8%E5%88%86%EF%BC%9A%E5%88%9D%E8%AF%86%E5%BC%80%E6%BA%90/%E7%AC%AC%201%20%E5%B0%8F%E8%8A%82%EF%BC%9A%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E6%98%AF%E5%BC%80%E6%BA%90/#unix" class="sidebar-link">UNIX</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header"><a href="/presstest/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E9%83%A8%E5%88%86%EF%BC%9A%E5%88%9D%E8%AF%86%E5%BC%80%E6%BA%90/%E7%AC%AC%201%20%E5%B0%8F%E8%8A%82%EF%BC%9A%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E6%98%AF%E5%BC%80%E6%BA%90/#gnu" class="sidebar-link">GNU</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header"><a href="/presstest/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E9%83%A8%E5%88%86%EF%BC%9A%E5%88%9D%E8%AF%86%E5%BC%80%E6%BA%90/%E7%AC%AC%201%20%E5%B0%8F%E8%8A%82%EF%BC%9A%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E6%98%AF%E5%BC%80%E6%BA%90/#linux" class="sidebar-link">Linux</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header"><a href="/presstest/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E9%83%A8%E5%88%86%EF%BC%9A%E5%88%9D%E8%AF%86%E5%BC%80%E6%BA%90/%E7%AC%AC%201%20%E5%B0%8F%E8%8A%82%EF%BC%9A%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E6%98%AF%E5%BC%80%E6%BA%90/#自由软件和开源软件" class="sidebar-link">自由软件和开源软件</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header"><a href="/presstest/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E9%83%A8%E5%88%86%EF%BC%9A%E5%88%9D%E8%AF%86%E5%BC%80%E6%BA%90/%E7%AC%AC%201%20%E5%B0%8F%E8%8A%82%EF%BC%9A%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E6%98%AF%E5%BC%80%E6%BA%90/#开源、git和代码托管平台" class="sidebar-link">开源、Git和代码托管平台</a></li></ul></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header"><a href="/presstest/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E9%83%A8%E5%88%86%EF%BC%9A%E5%88%9D%E8%AF%86%E5%BC%80%E6%BA%90/%E7%AC%AC%201%20%E5%B0%8F%E8%8A%82%EF%BC%9A%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E6%98%AF%E5%BC%80%E6%BA%90/#小结" class="sidebar-link">小结</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header"><a href="/presstest/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E9%83%A8%E5%88%86%EF%BC%9A%E5%88%9D%E8%AF%86%E5%BC%80%E6%BA%90/%E7%AC%AC%201%20%E5%B0%8F%E8%8A%82%EF%BC%9A%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E6%98%AF%E5%BC%80%E6%BA%90/#参考资料" class="sidebar-link">参考资料</a><ul class="sidebar-sub-headers"><li class="sidebar-sub-header"><a href="/presstest/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E9%83%A8%E5%88%86%EF%BC%9A%E5%88%9D%E8%AF%86%E5%BC%80%E6%BA%90/%E7%AC%AC%201%20%E5%B0%8F%E8%8A%82%EF%BC%9A%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E6%98%AF%E5%BC%80%E6%BA%90/#本部分内容贡献者" class="sidebar-link">本部分内容贡献者</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li><a href="/presstest/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E9%83%A8%E5%88%86%EF%BC%9A%E5%88%9D%E8%AF%86%E5%BC%80%E6%BA%90/%E7%AC%AC%202%20%E5%B0%8F%E8%8A%82%EF%BC%9A%E5%BC%80%E6%BA%90%E4%B8%8E%E4%B8%AA%E4%BA%BA%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF%E6%88%90%E9%95%BF/" class="sidebar-link">第 2 小节：开源与个人技术成长</a></li><li><a href="/presstest/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E9%83%A8%E5%88%86%EF%BC%9A%E5%88%9D%E8%AF%86%E5%BC%80%E6%BA%90/%E7%AC%AC%203%20%E5%B0%8F%E8%8A%82%EF%BC%9A%E5%A6%82%E4%BD%95%E5%88%A4%E6%96%AD%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%AA%E9%A1%B9%E7%9B%AE%E6%98%AF%E5%90%A6%E6%98%AF%E5%BC%80%E6%BA%90%E7%9A%84/" class="sidebar-link">第 3 小节：如何判断一个项目是否是开源的</a></li><li><a href="/presstest/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E9%83%A8%E5%88%86%EF%BC%9A%E5%88%9D%E8%AF%86%E5%BC%80%E6%BA%90/%E7%AC%AC%204%20%E5%B0%8F%E8%8A%82%EF%BC%9A%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8E%E5%BC%80%E6%BA%90%E5%9F%BA%E9%87%91%E4%BC%9A/" class="sidebar-link">第 4 小节：关于开源基金会</a></li><li><a href="/presstest/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E9%83%A8%E5%88%86%EF%BC%9A%E5%88%9D%E8%AF%86%E5%BC%80%E6%BA%90/%E7%AC%AC%205%20%E5%B0%8F%E8%8A%82%EF%BC%9A%E6%9C%89%E5%85%B3%E5%BC%80%E6%BA%90%E7%9A%84%E5%B8%B8%E8%A7%81%E8%AF%AF%E5%8C%BA/" class="sidebar-link">第 5 小节：有关开源的常见误区</a></li><li><a href="/presstest/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E9%83%A8%E5%88%86%EF%BC%9A%E5%88%9D%E8%AF%86%E5%BC%80%E6%BA%90/%E7%AC%AC%206%20%E5%B0%8F%E8%8A%82%EF%BC%9A%E5%B8%B8%E8%A7%81%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E8%AE%A4%E8%AF%86/" class="sidebar-link">第 6 小节：常见文件认识</a></li><li><a href="/presstest/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E9%83%A8%E5%88%86%EF%BC%9A%E5%88%9D%E8%AF%86%E5%BC%80%E6%BA%90/%E7%AC%AC%207%20%E5%B0%8F%E8%8A%82%EF%BC%9A%E4%BC%81%E4%B8%9A%E8%A7%86%E8%A7%92%E7%9C%8B%E5%BE%85%E5%BC%80%E6%BA%90/" class="sidebar-link">第 7 小节：企业视角看待开源</a></li><li><a href="/presstest/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E9%83%A8%E5%88%86%EF%BC%9A%E5%88%9D%E8%AF%86%E5%BC%80%E6%BA%90/%E7%AC%AC%208%20%E5%B0%8F%E8%8A%82%EF%BC%9A%E5%BC%80%E6%BA%90%E5%8F%91%E5%B1%95%E8%B6%8B%E5%8A%BF/" class="sidebar-link">第 8 小节：开源发展趋势</a></li></ul></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading"><!----> <span>第二部分：学习和使用开源项目</span> <!----></p> <ul class="sidebar-links sidebar-group-items"><li><a href="/presstest/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E9%83%A8%E5%88%86%EF%BC%9A%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0%E5%92%8C%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E5%BC%80%E6%BA%90%E9%A1%B9%E7%9B%AE/%E7%AC%AC%201%20%E5%B0%8F%E8%8A%82%EF%BC%9A%E5%A6%82%E4%BD%95%E6%89%BE%E5%88%B0%E9%80%82%E5%90%88%E8%87%AA%E5%B7%B1%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0%E5%92%8C%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E7%9A%84%E5%BC%80%E6%BA%90%E9%A1%B9%E7%9B%AE/" class="sidebar-link">第 1 小节：如何找到适合自己学习和使用的开源项目</a></li><li><a href="/presstest/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E9%83%A8%E5%88%86%EF%BC%9A%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0%E5%92%8C%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E5%BC%80%E6%BA%90%E9%A1%B9%E7%9B%AE/%E7%AC%AC%202%20%E5%B0%8F%E8%8A%82%EF%BC%9A%E5%BC%80%E6%BA%90%E9%A1%B9%E7%9B%AE%E7%9A%84%E6%BA%90%E4%BB%A3%E7%A0%81%E8%AF%A5%E6%80%8E%E4%B9%88%E8%AF%BB/" class="sidebar-link">第 2 小节：开源项目的源代码该怎么读</a></li><li><a href="/presstest/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E9%83%A8%E5%88%86%EF%BC%9A%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0%E5%92%8C%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E5%BC%80%E6%BA%90%E9%A1%B9%E7%9B%AE/%E7%AC%AC%203%20%E5%B0%8F%E8%8A%82%EF%BC%9A%E8%AE%A4%E8%AF%86%E5%BC%80%E6%BA%90%E8%AE%B8%E5%8F%AF%E8%AF%81/" class="sidebar-link">第 3 小节：认识开源许可证</a></li><li><a href="/presstest/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E9%83%A8%E5%88%86%EF%BC%9A%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0%E5%92%8C%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E5%BC%80%E6%BA%90%E9%A1%B9%E7%9B%AE/%E7%AC%AC%204%20%E5%B0%8F%E8%8A%82%EF%BC%9A%E5%BC%80%E6%BA%90%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E8%B5%9E%E8%B5%8F%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96/" class="sidebar-link">第 4 小节：开源中的赞赏文化</a></li><li><a href="/presstest/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E9%83%A8%E5%88%86%EF%BC%9A%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0%E5%92%8C%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E5%BC%80%E6%BA%90%E9%A1%B9%E7%9B%AE/%E7%AC%AC%205%20%E5%B0%8F%E8%8A%82%EF%BC%9A%E5%A6%82%E4%BD%95%E6%89%BE%E5%88%B0%E6%9C%80%E5%BC%BA%E5%BC%80%E6%BA%90%E9%A1%B9%E7%9B%AE/" class="sidebar-link">第 5 小节：如何找到最强开源项目</a></li></ul></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading"><!----> <span>第三部分：尝试参与开源</span> <!----></p> <ul class="sidebar-links sidebar-group-items"><li><a href="/presstest/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E9%83%A8%E5%88%86%EF%BC%9A%E5%B0%9D%E8%AF%95%E5%8F%82%E4%B8%8E%E5%BC%80%E6%BA%90/%E7%AC%AC%201%20%E5%B0%8F%E8%8A%82%EF%BC%9A%E5%BC%80%E6%BA%90%E9%A1%B9%E7%9B%AE%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E4%B8%8D%E5%90%8C%E8%A7%92%E8%89%B2/" class="sidebar-link">第 1 小节：开源项目中的不同角色</a></li><li><a href="/presstest/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E9%83%A8%E5%88%86%EF%BC%9A%E5%B0%9D%E8%AF%95%E5%8F%82%E4%B8%8E%E5%BC%80%E6%BA%90/%E7%AC%AC%202%20%E5%B0%8F%E8%8A%82%EF%BC%9A%E4%B8%AA%E4%BA%BA%E4%B8%BA%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E8%A6%81%E5%8F%82%E4%B8%8E%E5%BC%80%E6%BA%90%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE/" class="sidebar-link">第 2 小节：个人为什么要参与开源贡献</a></li><li><a href="/presstest/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E9%83%A8%E5%88%86%EF%BC%9A%E5%B0%9D%E8%AF%95%E5%8F%82%E4%B8%8E%E5%BC%80%E6%BA%90/%E7%AC%AC%203%20%E5%B0%8F%E8%8A%82%EF%BC%9A%E4%BC%81%E4%B8%9A%E4%B8%BA%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E8%A6%81%E5%8F%82%E4%B8%8E%E5%BC%80%E6%BA%90/" class="sidebar-link">第 3 小节：企业为什么要参与开源</a></li><li><a href="/presstest/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E9%83%A8%E5%88%86%EF%BC%9A%E5%B0%9D%E8%AF%95%E5%8F%82%E4%B8%8E%E5%BC%80%E6%BA%90/%E7%AC%AC%204%20%E5%B0%8F%E8%8A%82%EF%BC%9A%E5%8F%AF%E4%BB%A5%E7%94%A8%E5%93%AA%E4%BA%9B%E6%96%B9%E5%BC%8F%E5%8F%82%E4%B8%8E%E5%BC%80%E6%BA%90/" class="sidebar-link">第 4 小节：可以用哪些方式参与开源</a></li><li><a href="/presstest/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E9%83%A8%E5%88%86%EF%BC%9A%E5%B0%9D%E8%AF%95%E5%8F%82%E4%B8%8E%E5%BC%80%E6%BA%90/%E7%AC%AC%205%20%E5%B0%8F%E8%8A%82%EF%BC%9A%E5%A6%82%E4%BD%95%E6%89%BE%E5%88%B0%E9%80%82%E5%90%88%E7%9A%84%E9%A1%B9%E7%9B%AE%E8%BF%9B%E8%A1%8C%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE/" class="sidebar-link">第 5 小节：如何找到适合的项目进行贡献</a></li><li><a href="/presstest/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E9%83%A8%E5%88%86%EF%BC%9A%E5%B0%9D%E8%AF%95%E5%8F%82%E4%B8%8E%E5%BC%80%E6%BA%90/%E7%AC%AC%206%20%E5%B0%8F%E8%8A%82%EF%BC%9A%E6%8F%90%E4%BA%A4%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%AA%20Issue/" class="sidebar-link">第 6 小节：提交第一个 Issue</a></li><li><a href="/presstest/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E9%83%A8%E5%88%86%EF%BC%9A%E5%B0%9D%E8%AF%95%E5%8F%82%E4%B8%8E%E5%BC%80%E6%BA%90/%E7%AC%AC%207%20%E5%B0%8F%E8%8A%82%EF%BC%9A%E6%8F%90%E4%BA%A4%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%AA%20Pull%20Request/" class="sidebar-link">第 7 小节：提交第一个 Pull Request</a></li><li><a href="/presstest/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E9%83%A8%E5%88%86%EF%BC%9A%E5%B0%9D%E8%AF%95%E5%8F%82%E4%B8%8E%E5%BC%80%E6%BA%90/%E7%AC%AC%208%20%E5%B0%8F%E8%8A%82%EF%BC%9A%E5%A6%82%E4%BD%95%E6%88%90%E4%B8%BA%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%AA%E9%A1%B9%E7%9B%AE%E7%9A%84%E6%A0%B8%E5%BF%83%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE%E8%80%85/" class="sidebar-link">第 8 小节：如何成为一个项目的核心贡献者</a></li><li><a href="/presstest/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E9%83%A8%E5%88%86%EF%BC%9A%E5%B0%9D%E8%AF%95%E5%8F%82%E4%B8%8E%E5%BC%80%E6%BA%90/%E7%AC%AC%209%20%E5%B0%8F%E8%8A%82%EF%BC%9A%E5%BC%80%E6%BA%90%E9%A1%B9%E7%9B%AE%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE%E5%87%86%E5%88%99%E5%92%8C%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE%E8%80%85%E5%85%AC%E7%BA%A6/" class="sidebar-link">第 9 小节：开源项目的贡献准则和贡献者公约</a></li></ul></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading"><!----> <span>第四部分：启动自己的开源项目</span> <!----></p> <ul class="sidebar-links sidebar-group-items"><li><a href="/presstest/%E7%AC%AC%E5%9B%9B%E9%83%A8%E5%88%86%EF%BC%9A%E5%90%AF%E5%8A%A8%E8%87%AA%E5%B7%B1%E7%9A%84%E5%BC%80%E6%BA%90%E9%A1%B9%E7%9B%AE/%E7%AC%AC%201%20%E5%B0%8F%E8%8A%82%EF%BC%9A%E6%9C%89%E4%BA%86%E5%BC%80%E6%BA%90%E7%9A%84%E6%83%B3%E6%B3%95%E5%90%8E%E4%BB%8E%E4%BD%95%E5%BC%80%E5%A7%8B/" class="sidebar-link">第 1 小节：有了开源的想法后从何开始</a></li><li><a href="/presstest/%E7%AC%AC%E5%9B%9B%E9%83%A8%E5%88%86%EF%BC%9A%E5%90%AF%E5%8A%A8%E8%87%AA%E5%B7%B1%E7%9A%84%E5%BC%80%E6%BA%90%E9%A1%B9%E7%9B%AE/%E7%AC%AC%202%20%E5%B0%8F%E8%8A%82%EF%BC%9A%E4%B8%BA%E5%BC%80%E6%BA%90%E9%A1%B9%E7%9B%AE%E5%BB%BA%E7%AB%8B%E8%89%AF%E5%A5%BD%E7%9A%84%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80/" class="sidebar-link">第 2 小节：为开源项目建立良好的基础</a></li><li><a href="/presstest/%E7%AC%AC%E5%9B%9B%E9%83%A8%E5%88%86%EF%BC%9A%E5%90%AF%E5%8A%A8%E8%87%AA%E5%B7%B1%E7%9A%84%E5%BC%80%E6%BA%90%E9%A1%B9%E7%9B%AE/%E7%AC%AC%203%20%E5%B0%8F%E8%8A%82%EF%BC%9A%E5%BC%80%E6%BA%90%E8%AE%B8%E5%8F%AF%E8%AF%81%E7%9A%84%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8/" class="sidebar-link">第 3 小节：开源许可证的应用</a></li><li><a href="/presstest/%E7%AC%AC%E5%9B%9B%E9%83%A8%E5%88%86%EF%BC%9A%E5%90%AF%E5%8A%A8%E8%87%AA%E5%B7%B1%E7%9A%84%E5%BC%80%E6%BA%90%E9%A1%B9%E7%9B%AE/%E7%AC%AC%204%20%E5%B0%8F%E8%8A%82%EF%BC%9A%E4%B8%BA%E8%87%AA%E5%B7%B1%E7%9A%84%E5%BC%80%E6%BA%90%E9%A1%B9%E7%9B%AE%E5%BB%BA%E7%AB%8B%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE%E5%87%86%E5%88%99/" class="sidebar-link">第 4 小节：为自己的开源项目建立贡献准则</a></li><li><a href="/presstest/%E7%AC%AC%E5%9B%9B%E9%83%A8%E5%88%86%EF%BC%9A%E5%90%AF%E5%8A%A8%E8%87%AA%E5%B7%B1%E7%9A%84%E5%BC%80%E6%BA%90%E9%A1%B9%E7%9B%AE/%E7%AC%AC%205%20%E5%B0%8F%E8%8A%82%EF%BC%9A%E5%BC%80%E6%BA%90%E9%A1%B9%E7%9B%AE%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E6%8A%A4%E5%92%8C%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86/" class="sidebar-link">第 5 小节：开源项目的维护和管理</a></li><li><a href="/presstest/%E7%AC%AC%E5%9B%9B%E9%83%A8%E5%88%86%EF%BC%9A%E5%90%AF%E5%8A%A8%E8%87%AA%E5%B7%B1%E7%9A%84%E5%BC%80%E6%BA%90%E9%A1%B9%E7%9B%AE/%E7%AC%AC%206%20%E5%B0%8F%E8%8A%82%EF%BC%9ACONTRIBUTING%20%E7%BC%96%E5%86%99/" class="sidebar-link">第 6 小节：CONTRIBUTING 编写</a></li></ul></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading"><!----> <span>第五部分：开源治理</span> <!----></p> <ul class="sidebar-links sidebar-group-items"><li><a href="/presstest/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%94%E9%83%A8%E5%88%86%EF%BC%9A%E5%BC%80%E6%BA%90%E6%B2%BB%E7%90%86/%E7%AC%AC%201%20%E5%B0%8F%E8%8A%82%EF%BC%9A%E4%B8%AA%E4%BA%BA%E7%BB%B4%E6%8A%A4%E5%92%8C%E5%BB%BA%E7%AB%8B%E7%A4%BE%E5%8C%BA%EF%BC%8C%E4%B8%A4%E8%80%85%E5%A6%82%E4%BD%95%E9%80%89%E6%8B%A9/" class="sidebar-link">第 1 小节：个人维护和建立社区，两者如何选择</a></li><li><a href="/presstest/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%94%E9%83%A8%E5%88%86%EF%BC%9A%E5%BC%80%E6%BA%90%E6%B2%BB%E7%90%86/%E7%AC%AC%202%20%E5%B0%8F%E8%8A%82%EF%BC%9A%E6%89%93%E9%80%A0%E5%BC%80%E6%BA%90%E7%A4%BE%E5%8C%BA/" class="sidebar-link">第 2 小节：打造开源社区</a></li><li><a href="/presstest/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%94%E9%83%A8%E5%88%86%EF%BC%9A%E5%BC%80%E6%BA%90%E6%B2%BB%E7%90%86/%E7%AC%AC%203%20%E5%B0%8F%E8%8A%82%EF%BC%9A%E5%BC%80%E6%BA%90%E9%A1%B9%E7%9B%AE%E7%9A%84%E5%B8%B8%E8%A7%81%E6%B2%BB%E7%90%86%E6%9E%B6%E6%9E%84/" class="sidebar-link">第 3 小节：开源项目的常见治理架构</a></li><li><a href="/presstest/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%94%E9%83%A8%E5%88%86%EF%BC%9A%E5%BC%80%E6%BA%90%E6%B2%BB%E7%90%86/%E7%AC%AC%204%20%E5%B0%8F%E8%8A%82%EF%BC%9A%E7%A1%AE%E4%BF%9D%E5%BC%80%E6%BA%90%E4%BB%A3%E7%A0%81%E8%B4%A8%E9%87%8F%E7%9A%84%E5%87%A0%E4%B8%AA%E8%A6%81%E7%82%B9/" class="sidebar-link">第 4 小节：确保开源代码质量的几个要点</a></li></ul></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading"><!----> <span>第六部分：有关开源的其他问题</span> <!----></p> <ul class="sidebar-links sidebar-group-items"><li><a href="/presstest/%E7%AC%AC%E5%85%AD%E9%83%A8%E5%88%86%EF%BC%9A%E5%85%B6%E4%BB%96%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98/%E7%AC%AC%201%20%E5%B0%8F%E8%8A%82%EF%BC%9A%E6%80%8E%E6%A0%B7%E5%9C%A8%E6%9C%AC%E8%81%8C%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%E5%92%8C%E5%BC%80%E6%BA%90%E9%A1%B9%E7%9B%AE%E9%97%B4%E5%81%9A%E5%A5%BD%E5%B9%B3%E8%A1%A1/" class="sidebar-link">第 1 小节：怎样在本职工作和开源项目间做好平衡</a></li><li><a href="/presstest/%E7%AC%AC%E5%85%AD%E9%83%A8%E5%88%86%EF%BC%9A%E5%85%B6%E4%BB%96%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98/%E7%AC%AC%202%20%E5%B0%8F%E8%8A%82%EF%BC%9A%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8E%E5%BC%80%E6%BA%90%E9%A1%B9%E7%9B%AE%E7%9A%84%E5%95%86%E4%B8%9A%E5%8C%96/" class="sidebar-link">第 2 小节：关于开源项目的商业化</a></li></ul></section></li></ul> </aside> <main class="page"><nav class="breadcrumb"><ul><li><a href="/presstest/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E9%83%A8%E5%88%86%EF%BC%9A%E5%88%9D%E8%AF%86%E5%BC%80%E6%BA%90/" class="router-link-active"><i class="iconfont icon-page"></i>
        第一部分：初识开源
      </a></li><li class="is-active"><a href="/presstest/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E9%83%A8%E5%88%86%EF%BC%9A%E5%88%9D%E8%AF%86%E5%BC%80%E6%BA%90/%E7%AC%AC%201%20%E5%B0%8F%E8%8A%82%EF%BC%9A%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E6%98%AF%E5%BC%80%E6%BA%90/" aria-current="page" class="router-link-exact-active router-link-active"><!---->
        第 1 小节：什么是开源
      </a></li></ul></nav>  <div class="page-title"><h1><!---->
    第 1 小节：什么是开源
  </h1> <div class="page-info"><!----> <span aria-label="Author🖊" data-balloon-pos="down"><svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon author-icon"><path d="M649.6 633.6c86.4-48 147.2-144 147.2-249.6 0-160-128-288-288-288s-288 128-288 288c0 108.8 57.6 201.6 147.2 249.6-121.6 48-214.4 153.6-240 288-3.2 9.6 0 19.2 6.4 25.6 3.2 9.6 12.8 12.8 22.4 12.8h704c9.6 0 19.2-3.2 25.6-12.8 6.4-6.4 9.6-16 6.4-25.6-25.6-134.4-121.6-240-243.2-288z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg> <span>开源指北编写小组</span></span><span aria-label="Page views🔢" data-balloon-pos="down" class="visitor-info"><svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon eye-icon"><path d="M992 512.096c0-5.76-.992-10.592-1.28-11.136-.192-2.88-1.152-8.064-2.08-10.816-.256-.672-.544-1.376-.832-2.08-.48-1.568-1.024-3.104-1.6-4.32C897.664 290.112 707.104 160 512 160c-195.072 0-385.632 130.016-473.76 322.592-1.056 2.112-1.792 4.096-2.272 5.856a55.512 55.512 0 00-.64 1.6c-1.76 5.088-1.792 8.64-1.632 7.744-.832 3.744-1.568 11.168-1.568 11.168-.224 2.272-.224 4.032.032 6.304 0 0 .736 6.464 1.088 7.808.128 1.824.576 4.512 1.12 6.976h-.032c.448 2.08 1.12 4.096 1.984 6.08.48 1.536.992 2.976 1.472 4.032C126.432 733.856 316.992 864 512 864c195.136 0 385.696-130.048 473.216-321.696 1.376-2.496 2.24-4.832 2.848-6.912.256-.608.48-1.184.672-1.728 1.536-4.48 1.856-8.32 1.728-8.32l-.032.032c.608-3.104 1.568-7.744 1.568-13.28zM512 672c-88.224 0-160-71.776-160-160s71.776-160 160-160 160 71.776 160 160-71.776 160-160 160z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg> <span id="/presstest/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E9%83%A8%E5%88%86%EF%BC%9A%E5%88%9D%E8%AF%86%E5%BC%80%E6%BA%90/%E7%AC%AC%201%20%E5%B0%8F%E8%8A%82%EF%BC%9A%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E6%98%AF%E5%BC%80%E6%BA%90/" data-flag-title="第 1 小节：什么是开源" class="leancloud_visitors"><span class="leancloud-visitors-count">...</span></span></span><!----><!----><!----><span aria-label="Reading Time⌛" data-balloon-pos="down" class="read-time-info"><svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon time-icon"><path d="M511.997 70.568c-243.797 0-441.429 197.633-441.429 441.435 0 243.797 197.632 441.429 441.43 441.429S953.431 755.8 953.431 512.002c0-243.796-197.637-441.434-441.435-441.434zm150.158 609.093l-15.605 15.61c-8.621 8.615-22.596 8.615-31.215 0L472.197 552.126c-4.95-4.944-4.34-14.888-4.34-24.677V247.14c0-12.19 9.882-22.07 22.07-22.07h22.07c12.19 0 22.07 9.882 22.07 22.07v273.218l128.088 128.088c8.62 8.62 8.62 22.595 0 31.215zm0 0" fill="currentColor"></path></svg> <span>About 15 min</span></span></div> <hr></div> <!----> <div class="anchor-place-holder"><aside id="anchor"><div class="anchor-wrapper"><ul class="anchor-list"><li class="anchor anchor2"><a href="/presstest/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E9%83%A8%E5%88%86%EF%BC%9A%E5%88%9D%E8%AF%86%E5%BC%80%E6%BA%90/%E7%AC%AC%201%20%E5%B0%8F%E8%8A%82%EF%BC%9A%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E6%98%AF%E5%BC%80%E6%BA%90/#开源的概念" class="anchor-link"><div>开源的概念</div></a><ul class="anchor-list"><li class="anchor anchor3"><a href="/presstest/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E9%83%A8%E5%88%86%EF%BC%9A%E5%88%9D%E8%AF%86%E5%BC%80%E6%BA%90/%E7%AC%AC%201%20%E5%B0%8F%E8%8A%82%EF%BC%9A%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E6%98%AF%E5%BC%80%E6%BA%90/#开源软件" class="anchor-link"><div>开源软件</div></a></li><li class="anchor anchor3"><a href="/presstest/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E9%83%A8%E5%88%86%EF%BC%9A%E5%88%9D%E8%AF%86%E5%BC%80%E6%BA%90/%E7%AC%AC%201%20%E5%B0%8F%E8%8A%82%EF%BC%9A%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E6%98%AF%E5%BC%80%E6%BA%90/#开源硬件" class="anchor-link"><div>开源硬件</div></a></li><li class="anchor anchor3"><a href="/presstest/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E9%83%A8%E5%88%86%EF%BC%9A%E5%88%9D%E8%AF%86%E5%BC%80%E6%BA%90/%E7%AC%AC%201%20%E5%B0%8F%E8%8A%82%EF%BC%9A%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E6%98%AF%E5%BC%80%E6%BA%90/#开源设计" class="anchor-link"><div>开源设计</div></a></li><li class="anchor anchor3"><a href="/presstest/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E9%83%A8%E5%88%86%EF%BC%9A%E5%88%9D%E8%AF%86%E5%BC%80%E6%BA%90/%E7%AC%AC%201%20%E5%B0%8F%E8%8A%82%EF%BC%9A%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E6%98%AF%E5%BC%80%E6%BA%90/#开源文档" class="anchor-link"><div>开源文档</div></a></li></ul></li><li class="anchor anchor2"><a href="/presstest/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E9%83%A8%E5%88%86%EF%BC%9A%E5%88%9D%E8%AF%86%E5%BC%80%E6%BA%90/%E7%AC%AC%201%20%E5%B0%8F%E8%8A%82%EF%BC%9A%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E6%98%AF%E5%BC%80%E6%BA%90/#开源的历史" class="anchor-link"><div>开源的历史</div></a><ul class="anchor-list"><li class="anchor anchor3"><a href="/presstest/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E9%83%A8%E5%88%86%EF%BC%9A%E5%88%9D%E8%AF%86%E5%BC%80%E6%BA%90/%E7%AC%AC%201%20%E5%B0%8F%E8%8A%82%EF%BC%9A%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E6%98%AF%E5%BC%80%E6%BA%90/#unix" class="anchor-link"><div>UNIX</div></a></li><li class="anchor anchor3"><a href="/presstest/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E9%83%A8%E5%88%86%EF%BC%9A%E5%88%9D%E8%AF%86%E5%BC%80%E6%BA%90/%E7%AC%AC%201%20%E5%B0%8F%E8%8A%82%EF%BC%9A%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E6%98%AF%E5%BC%80%E6%BA%90/#gnu" class="anchor-link"><div>GNU</div></a></li><li class="anchor anchor3"><a href="/presstest/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E9%83%A8%E5%88%86%EF%BC%9A%E5%88%9D%E8%AF%86%E5%BC%80%E6%BA%90/%E7%AC%AC%201%20%E5%B0%8F%E8%8A%82%EF%BC%9A%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E6%98%AF%E5%BC%80%E6%BA%90/#linux" class="anchor-link"><div>Linux</div></a></li><li class="anchor anchor3"><a href="/presstest/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E9%83%A8%E5%88%86%EF%BC%9A%E5%88%9D%E8%AF%86%E5%BC%80%E6%BA%90/%E7%AC%AC%201%20%E5%B0%8F%E8%8A%82%EF%BC%9A%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E6%98%AF%E5%BC%80%E6%BA%90/#自由软件和开源软件" class="anchor-link"><div>自由软件和开源软件</div></a></li><li class="anchor anchor3"><a href="/presstest/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E9%83%A8%E5%88%86%EF%BC%9A%E5%88%9D%E8%AF%86%E5%BC%80%E6%BA%90/%E7%AC%AC%201%20%E5%B0%8F%E8%8A%82%EF%BC%9A%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E6%98%AF%E5%BC%80%E6%BA%90/#开源、git和代码托管平台" class="anchor-link"><div>开源、Git和代码托管平台</div></a></li></ul></li><li class="anchor anchor2"><a href="/presstest/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E9%83%A8%E5%88%86%EF%BC%9A%E5%88%9D%E8%AF%86%E5%BC%80%E6%BA%90/%E7%AC%AC%201%20%E5%B0%8F%E8%8A%82%EF%BC%9A%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E6%98%AF%E5%BC%80%E6%BA%90/#小结" class="anchor-link"><div>小结</div></a></li><li class="anchor anchor2"><a href="/presstest/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E9%83%A8%E5%88%86%EF%BC%9A%E5%88%9D%E8%AF%86%E5%BC%80%E6%BA%90/%E7%AC%AC%201%20%E5%B0%8F%E8%8A%82%EF%BC%9A%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E6%98%AF%E5%BC%80%E6%BA%90/#参考资料" class="anchor-link"><div>参考资料</div></a><ul class="anchor-list"><li class="anchor anchor3"><a href="/presstest/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E9%83%A8%E5%88%86%EF%BC%9A%E5%88%9D%E8%AF%86%E5%BC%80%E6%BA%90/%E7%AC%AC%201%20%E5%B0%8F%E8%8A%82%EF%BC%9A%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E6%98%AF%E5%BC%80%E6%BA%90/#本部分内容贡献者" class="anchor-link"><div>本部分内容贡献者</div></a></li></ul></li></ul></div></aside></div> <div class="theme-default-content content__default"><h1 id="第-1-小节-什么是开源"><a href="#第-1-小节-什么是开源" class="header-anchor">#</a> 第 1 小节：什么是开源</h1> <blockquote><p>本篇内容将会从最基本的概念开始带开发者们认识开源。</p></blockquote> <h2 id="开源的概念"><a href="#开源的概念" class="header-anchor">#</a> 开源的概念</h2> <p>「开源」一词对应英文 Open Source，最初起源于软件开发领域，因此也称为「开放源代码」，对应的软件则称为<strong>开源软件</strong>（Open Source Software）。除了我们熟知的开源软件以外，开源的表现形式还有开源硬件（Open Source Hardware）、开放设计（Open Design）、开放文档（Open Document）。</p> <h3 id="开源软件"><a href="#开源软件" class="header-anchor">#</a> 开源软件</h3> <p>那是不是公开源代码的软件就是开源软件呢？</p> <p>实际上并不是。按照 <a href="https://opensource.org/associations" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">OSI 组织<span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></a>（Open Source Initiative Association）的 <a href="https://opensource.org/docs/definition.php" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">OSD 定义<span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></a>，除了公开源代码，开源软件的发行条款还必须符合以下十个条件：</p> <table><thead><tr><th>序号</th> <th>条款</th> <th>简单说明</th></tr></thead> <tbody><tr><td>1</td> <td>Free Redistribution</td> <td>允许自由地再发布软件</td></tr> <tr><td>2</td> <td>Source Code</td> <td>程序必须包含所有源代码</td></tr> <tr><td>3</td> <td>Derived Works</td> <td>可以修改和派生新的软件</td></tr> <tr><td>4</td> <td>Integrity of The Author's Source Code</td> <td>发布时保持软件源代码的完整性</td></tr> <tr><td>5</td> <td>No Discrimination Against Persons or Groups</td> <td>不得歧视任何个人或团体</td></tr> <tr><td>6</td> <td>No Discrimination Against Fields of Endeavor</td> <td>不得歧视任何应用领域（例如商业）</td></tr> <tr><td>7</td> <td>Distribution of License</td> <td>许可证的发布具有延续性</td></tr> <tr><td>8</td> <td>License Must Not Be Specific to a Product</td> <td>许可证不能针对于某一个产品</td></tr> <tr><td>9</td> <td>License Must Not Restrict Other Software</td> <td>许可证不能限制其他软件</td></tr> <tr><td>10</td> <td>License Must Be Technology-Neutral</td> <td>许可证必须是技术中立的</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>你可以通过查阅OSI官方许可证的目录 <a href="https://opensource.org/licenses" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Open Source Initiative 认可的开源许可证<span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></a> ，了解常见的开源许可证。</p> <p>通过了解这些条件约束，我们可以得出开源软件的定义：开源软件是一种<strong>技术和立场中立</strong>的<strong>使用许可证约束</strong>的<strong>开放源代码</strong>的软件。</p> <p>开源软件需要保持开放的心态，对任何技术和立场都保持客观公正的态度，而且在开放源代码时，还需要遵循开源许可协议，允许任何人使用、拷贝、修改以及重新发布。开源许可协议主要分为宽松许可协议（Apache、BSD、MIT 等）和严格许可协议（GPL、GPL v3、LGPL、Mozilla 等）两大类。除此之外，一个优秀的可持续发展的开源软件，还需要公开发布项目技术文档和其他材料、二进制文件（可选）等，以及拥有一个开放性的社区，接收用户和开发者的反馈，共同探讨开源软件的发展。</p> <h3 id="开源硬件"><a href="#开源硬件" class="header-anchor">#</a> 开源硬件</h3> <p>上面我们简单介绍了一下开源软件，那么什么是开源硬件呢？</p> <p>类比开源软件，你可能会误以为开源硬件是可以免费获得、自由修改并再分发的硬件。如果你这么想，你就大错特错了，毕竟硬件是有形的，是看得见摸得着的。我们先来简单看一下 <a href="https://www.oshwa.org" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">开源硬件协会<span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></a>（Open Source Hardware Association）对开源硬件的描述：</p> <blockquote><p>开源硬件是可以通过公开渠道获得的硬件设计，任何人可以对已有的设计进行学习，修改，发布，制作和销售。硬件设计的源代码的特定的格式可以为其他人获得，以方便对其进行修改。理想情况下，开源硬件使用随处可得的电子元件和材料，标准的过程，开放的基础架构，无限制的内容和开源的设计工具，以最大化个人利用硬件的便利性。开源硬件提供人们在控制他们的技术自由的同时共享知识并鼓励硬件设计开放交流贸易。</p></blockquote> <p>这里要划重点了，OSHWA 在描述开源硬件时使用的是<strong>硬件设计</strong>而不是硬件本身。开源硬件的定义是在开源软件的基础上进行的，这里不再赘述，感兴趣的读者可以在 OSHWA 官网找到开源硬件的完整 <a href="https://www.oshwa.org/definition/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">定义<span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></a>。</p> <p>目前比较有名的开源硬件有 <a href="https://www.arduino.cc/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Arduino<span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></a>、<a href="https://www.raspberrypi.org/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">树莓派（Raspberry Pi）<span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></a>、<a href="https://beagleboard.org/bone" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">BeagleBone<span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></a> 等等。</p> <h3 id="开源设计"><a href="#开源设计" class="header-anchor">#</a> 开源设计</h3> <p>开源设计是开源项目的另一表现形式，开源设计的定义是<strong>遵循开源许可</strong>的<strong>可以通过公开渠道获得</strong>的<strong>设计类</strong>项目，主要指的是非源代码类型的项目，比如： icon、UI、画稿、图纸等。这些项目也需要遵守开源协议，并且享受协议规章的保护。</p> <p>下面提供一个 icon 的设计，供大家参考。</p> <ul><li><a href="https://www.jianshu.com/p/e3de4fbd105f" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">开源和开放设计 - Make Icons Witch Sketch<span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></a></li></ul> <h3 id="开源文档"><a href="#开源文档" class="header-anchor">#</a> 开源文档</h3> <p>开源文档在开源项目中非常常见，开源文档的定义是<strong>遵循开源许可</strong>的<strong>可以通过公开渠道获得</strong>的<strong>文档类</strong>项目，开源文档存在于各种项目中，种类覆盖广泛，像博客、百科、菜谱、冷知识、项目说明文档等都可以作为开源文档进行分享。开源文档常见的开源协议也有很多，比如我们《开源指北》使用的协议：CC-BY-NC-SA 协议。</p> <h2 id="开源的历史"><a href="#开源的历史" class="header-anchor">#</a> 开源的历史</h2> <h3 id="unix"><a href="#unix" class="header-anchor">#</a> UNIX</h3> <p>提及开源的历史，不得不从 Unix 说起。</p> <p>在 1965 年前后，贝尔实验室（Bell）、麻省理工学院（MIT）及通用电气公司（GE）曾共同发起了 Multics 项目，旨在开发一个全面的、通用的分时操作系统，实现让大型主机可以同时提供 300 台以上的终端机连接使用的目标。然而，到了 1969 年，由于项目进度落后、资金短缺，在认为 Multics 项目不可能成功之后，贝尔实验室退出了该项目的研究工作。虽然 Multics 项目没有取得成功，但是培养出了很多优秀的人才，其中就包括肯•汤普森（Ken Thompson）和丹尼斯•里奇（Dennis Ritchie）。</p> <p><img src="https://images.gitee.com/uploads/images/2020/1106/223608_99ebf50e_1998139.jpeg" alt="" title="unix_1969.jpeg"></p> <blockquote><p>图 1.1 Ken Thompson（坐着）和 Dennis Ritchie 在 PDP-11 前工作</p></blockquote> <p>回到贝尔实验室后，以肯•汤普森为首的研究人员吸取了 Multics 项目失败的经验教训，将 Multics 庞大而复杂的系统进行简化，实现了一种分时操作系统的雏形，并将其取名为 UNIX。此后十年，UNIX 在学术机构和大型企业中得到了广泛的应用，当时的 UNIX 拥有者 AT&amp;T 公司以低廉甚至免费的许可将 UNIX 源码授权给学术机构做研究或教学之用，许多机构在此源码基础上加以扩充和改进。</p> <p>由于早期 AT&amp;T 为避免美国司法部起诉它违反《反垄断法》而签订了和解协议，同意不进入计算机行业，不销售任何与计算机有关的产品。因此从 UNIX 诞生起的前十五年， 学术机构和黑客们自由地共享源码，以分散的方式共同合作开发 UNIX 系统。为后来的自由和开源软件的意识形态和社区诞生过程中起到了奠基性的作用。</p> <p>转折发生在 1984 年，由于对 AT&amp;T 的限制法令被解除，AT&amp;T 开始以能获利的价格销售 UNIX。UNIX 的源码依然可用，但 AT&amp;T 将 UNIX 从研究性质的项目转变为一个商业项目，这在 UNIX 黑客社区里产生了危机，他们开始寻找一个可替代的类 UNIX 系统。</p> <h3 id="gnu"><a href="#gnu" class="header-anchor">#</a> GNU</h3> <p>实际上，在 UNIX 变成一个商业项目之前，由于硬件价格的不断下跌，制造商已经开始期望软件能够带来额外的收入。于是，开始出现种种保护软件、对其收费的措施，越来越多的厂商开始单独销售软件，也不再提供软件的源代码，软件工业开始独立出来了。1976 年，比尔·盖茨就曾发表《<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Open_Letter_to_Hobbyists" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">致计算机爱好者的公开信<span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></a>》，明确提出了软件版权（CopyRight）的理念。</p> <p><img src="https://images.gitee.com/uploads/images/2020/1106/223852_ccf37eaa_1998139.jpeg" alt="输入图片说明" title="GNU_and_Stallman_2012.jpeg"></p> <blockquote><p>图 1.2 Richard Stallman</p></blockquote> <p>1983 年，由于私有软件的增长和对不再能自由使用计算机程序的担忧，MIT 的理查德•斯托曼（Richard Stallman）开始倡导自由软件运动，并发起了 GNU 计划。GNU 是「GNU is NOT UNIX」的无穷递归缩写，其目标是构建一整套完全由自由软件构成的 UNIX OS 体系。GNU 起初进展很顺利，开发出 GLibc、GCC、GDB 等一系列操作系统必备软件。</p> <p>随着推动自由软件发展和成熟的愿景日益强烈，理查德·斯托曼意识到仅通过编写和分享 GNU 代码是远远不够的。于是，在 1985 年创建了自由软件基金会（Free Software Foundation，简称 FSF），其主要工作是运行 GNU 计划，开发更多的自由软件。同时，FSF 还创建了保护 GNU 和其他自由软件项目的法律和制度框架，提出了与 CopyRight 理念针锋相对的 CopyLeft（许可复制权）理念，其表现形式为 GPL，即公共许可证（General Pubic License）。</p> <h3 id="linux"><a href="#linux" class="header-anchor">#</a> Linux</h3> <p>1991 年，林纳斯·托瓦兹（Linus Torvalds）公开发布了一个类 UNIX 操作系统内核 —— Linux，并接受 CopyLeft 理念。从 Linux 0.12 版本起，Linux 内核开始采用 GPL 许可证的新版权声明。虽然 Linux 内核并不是 GNU 计划的一部分，但由于 HURD 内核进展缓慢，使得 Linux 得到广泛关注并得以快速发展。GNU 与 Linux 的发展，可以说是相辅相成，因此 我们通常把使用 Linux 内核并且大量使用 GNU 组件的操作系统发行版称为 GNU/Linux。</p> <p><img src="https://images.gitee.com/uploads/images/2020/1106/223937_2408e51a_1998139.jpeg" alt="输入图片说明" title="Linus.jpg"></p> <blockquote><p>图 1.3 Linus Torvalds</p></blockquote> <p>正是 Linux 的出现，使得自由软件运动有了自己可以与 Microsoft 的 Windows 相抗衡的操作系统。自由软件运动初战告捷。但是，自由软件运动关于自由的追求，毕竟和现实的商业氛围格格不入，带有着过于理想化的色彩。这种反商业的信条，让一些本来也反对私有软件的人士对自由软件敬而远之。正是在这种背景下，一部分原有自由软件运动人士，开始尝试将理想的自由软件与现实的商业氛围进行某种衔接。</p> <h3 id="自由软件和开源软件"><a href="#自由软件和开源软件" class="header-anchor">#</a> 自由软件和开源软件</h3> <p>1998 年，埃里克·雷蒙德（Eric Raymond）等人成立了一个名为开源促进会（Open Source Initiative，简称 OSI）的组织。为了减少意识形态上的沟壑，以及「自由（Free）」一词造成免费软件的误解。OSI 组织决定从「自由软件」中去掉了「自由」一词，使用「开源软件」（Open Source Software）作为共通名称，并创建了自己的开放源码的定义，以及自己的一套许可证。</p> <p><img src="https://images.gitee.com/uploads/images/2020/1106/224104_42883a6d_1998139.jpeg" alt="输入图片说明" title="1998_Open_Source_Summit.jpg"></p> <blockquote><p>图 1.4 1998 年 Open Source Summit</p></blockquote> <p>正因如此，自由软件运动和开源软件运动有着密不可分的关系，两者的根本差别在于它们看待世界的方法。开源软件运动的理念更倾向于解决实际问题，既抓住了私有软件的痛点，又实现了与商业的融合。</p> <h3 id="开源、git和代码托管平台"><a href="#开源、git和代码托管平台" class="header-anchor">#</a> 开源、Git和代码托管平台</h3> <p>前面提到，开源软件是允许自由复制和重新分发的，那么分散的开发者之间是如何协作的呢？尤其是 Linux 这样依靠全世界热心的志愿者参与的项目。其实早年（1991-2002 年间）世界各地的志愿者是通过 diff 的方式把源代码补丁发给 Linus，然后由 Linus 本人通过手工方式合并代码。直到 2002 年，Linux 项目组才开始启用一个专有的分布式版本控制系统 BitKeeper 来管理和维护代码。</p> <p>但好景不长，2005 年，开发 BitKeeper 的商业公司结束了与 Linux 内核开源社区的合作。于是 Linux 开源社区（特别是 Linux 的缔造者 Linus Torvalds）决定开发自己的版本控制系统 —— <a href="https://git-scm.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Git<span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></a> 。很快，Linux 内核的源码已经由 Git 全面管理了。Git 是完全分布式的，同时拥有强大的代码管理能力，支持离线操作和非线性分支管理，使用 Git 可以让散布各地的开发者更加高效地协同工作，可以说，Git 的出现极大地推动了开源的发展。</p> <p><img src="https://images.gitee.com/uploads/images/2020/1106/224307_aeb3bb91_1998139.jpeg" alt="输入图片说明" title="h320px_github_founders.jpg"></p> <blockquote><p>图 1.5 GitHub 创始人 P.J. Hyett、Tom Preston-Werner 和 Chris Wanstrath</p></blockquote> <p>2008 年，GitHub 网站上线了，它为开源项目免费提供 Git 存储，无数开源项目开始迁移至 GitHub。GitHub 的出现让开源的工作方式变得更简单和有趣了。如今，每天都有无数来自世界各地的开发者在 GitHub 上进行交流，Github 已经成为一个包含问题追踪和版本控制的特殊社交网络。</p> <p>初学者容易混淆 Git 和代码托管平台的概念。Git 是版本控制系统，开发者可以通过 Git 在本地工作空间建立项目仓库，每一个 Git 仓库都会包含一个 <code>.git</code> 目录，里面存储了该项目的每一次源代码的提交日志，可以方便地回退到过去的任意一个提交的版本与过去的代码进行比对。毫不夸张地说，Git 仓库就像是一个具有魔法的文件系统，Git 则帮我们记录该仓库下所有的读写信息，并在工作空间、暂存区、本地仓库之间随意切换。</p> <p>而代码托管平台，比如 <a href="https://github.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">GitHub<span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></a>、<a href="https://about.gitlab.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">GitLab<span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></a>、<a href="https://bitbucket.org/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Bitbucket<span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></a>、<a href="https://gitee.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Gitee<span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></a> 等，则是基于 Git 的代码托管平台，通过网络为用户提供 Git 仓库托管服务。得益于 Git 分布式的特性，Git 代码托管平台上的仓库通常充当远程仓库的角色，便于多个开发者之间的同步。在此基础之上，代码托管平台还提供了许多协作功能，将版本管理、Bug 跟踪、代码审查、邮件列表、IRC 等众多功能组合在一起，以实现更高效的协同开发。简单来说，代码托管平台不仅仅提供代码托管服务，还有项目管理，甚至社交等功能。</p> <p>总的来说，Git 和代码托管平台有直接关联，但又有许多不同的地方。关于 Git 和代码托管平台的操作，将在后续章节展开描述。</p> <h2 id="小结"><a href="#小结" class="header-anchor">#</a> 小结</h2> <p>不会写代码也可以参与开源吗？相信你在读完这篇文章后，在自己心中应该有了答案。</p> <p><strong>当然，答案是肯定的。</strong></p> <p>从自由软件运动和开源文化的发展来看，我们会发现其实它是一场社会运动，是一种生产方式的革新。开源运动旨在利用开源软件的价值和分散的生产模型，为其社区和行业的问题寻找新的解决方式。之所以首先出现在软件领域，是因为软件作为一个新兴领域，所受阻力相对较小，同时软件可以依托网络进行异步协作和分发，大大减少了时间和空间的差异以及获取成本。但从涉猎范围来看，开源除了适用于软件领域以外，在开源硬件、开源设计、开源文档等领域也有足够的发挥空间。</p> <p>时至今日，开源已经成为一种超越软件生产界限的运动和工作方式。「源」的含义也从「源代码」扩展到各类「资源」。像文中提到的硬件领域，随着 Arduino 和树莓派的流行，如今我们对「开源硬件」一词已经不陌生了。还有许多与软件源代码具有相同传播属性的各类设计文档，比如书籍、博客、食谱、配方、照片、音频和视频制品等资料。非营利性组织 Creative Commons 的 CC 许可协议就是专门应用于此类著作权法的保护。</p> <p>开源与我们息息相关，即便你不写代码，我们也期望大家能够参与开源（<strong>强烈建议</strong>）！愿你在开源领域乘风破浪，所向无前！</p> <h2 id="参考资料"><a href="#参考资料" class="header-anchor">#</a> 参考资料</h2> <ul><li><a href="https://opensource.org/osd" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">The Open Source Definition<span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></a></li> <li><a href="https://linuxgazette.net/issue28/rossum.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Open Source Summit Trip Report<span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></a> by Guido van Rossum</li> <li><a href="https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.en.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Why Open Source misses the point of Free Software<span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></a> by Richard Stallman</li> <li>《大教堂与集市》Eric S·Raymond，卫剑钒（译）</li> <li><a href="https://github.com/lifanxi/free-as-in-freedom-zh-cn/tree/v1" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">《若为自由故》Sam Williams，邓楠 / 李凡希（译）<span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></a></li> <li>《只是为了好玩》Linus Torvalds / David Diamond</li> <li>《黑客与画家》Paul Graham，阮一峰（译）</li> <li>《Git 权威指南》蒋鑫</li> <li>《GitHub 入门与实践》大塚弘记，支鹏浩 / 刘斌（译）</li> <li><a href="http://www.oshwa.org/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Open Source Hardware Association<span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-source_hardware" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Open-source hardware<span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></a></li> <li><a href="https://itsfoss.com/history-of-foss" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">FOSS 的历史<span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></a></li> <li><a href="https://www.gnu.org/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Richard Stallman之 GNU/Linux 问答<span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></a></li></ul> <h3 id="本部分内容贡献者"><a href="#本部分内容贡献者" class="header-anchor">#</a> 本部分内容贡献者</h3> <p><a href="https://gitee.com/luhuadong" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">阿基米东<span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></a>、<a href="https://gitee.com/xueshanlinghu" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">雪山凌狐<span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></a>、<a href="https://gitee.com/NicholasZhan" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Nicholas Zhan<span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></a>、<a href="https://gitee.com/zzjzxq" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">我是XXX<span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></a>、<a href="https://gitee.com/whitepaper233" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">WhitePaper<span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></a>、<a href="https://gitee.com/biupiu" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">brycen<span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></a>、<a href="https://gitee.com/taotieren" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">taotieren<span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></a>、<a href="https://gitee.com/lihuimingxs" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">西狩<span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></a></p></div> <footer class="page-edit"><div class="edit-link"><a href="https://gitee.com/gitee-community/opensource-guide/edit/master/第一部分：初识开源/第 1 小节：什么是开源.md" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Edit on Github</a> <span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></div> <!----></footer> <!----> <div class="comments-wrapper"><div class="valine-wrapper"><div id="valine"></div></div></div> </main> <footer class="footer-wrapper"><div class="media-links-wrapper"><a href="https://gitee.com/gitee-community/opensource-guide" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Gitee" data-balloon-pos="up" class="media-link"><span class="sr-only">Gitee</span> <svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon icon-gitee"><circle cx="512" cy="512" r="512" fill="#C71D23"></circle> <path d="M772.953 454.723H480.17v.006a25.46 25.46 0 00-25.46 25.453l-.025 63.649a25.46 25.46 0 0025.46 25.466l178.242-.007a25.46 25.46 0 0125.459 25.46v12.73c0 42.18-34.198 76.378-76.378 76.378H365.583a25.46 25.46 0 01-25.46-25.46V416.533h-.006c0-42.18 34.192-76.378 76.378-76.378h356.388v-.013a25.46 25.46 0 0025.46-25.446l.057-63.65h.013a25.46 25.46 0 00-25.46-25.471l-356.432.012c-105.453 0-190.946 85.493-190.946 190.946v356.433a25.46 25.46 0 0025.46 25.46H626.56c94.913 0 171.852-76.94 171.852-171.852V480.182a25.46 25.46 0 00-25.46-25.46z" fill="#fff"></path></svg></a></div> <div class="footer">开源指北采用 CC-BY-SA-4.0 进行许可 | 感谢每一位参与的开发者</div> <div class="copyright">Copyright © 2020 开源指北编写小组</div></footer></div><div class="global-ui"><!----><!----><div id="pwa-install"><!----> <div id="install-modal-wrapper" style="display:none;"><div class="background"></div> <div class="install-modal"><div class="header"><button aria-label="Close" class="close-button"><svg width="23" height="22" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon close-icon"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M1.12.358a1.224 1.224 0 011.729 0l8.92 8.914L20.686.358a1.224 1.224 0 011.73 1.728L13.497 11l8.92 8.913a1.222 1.222 0 11-1.73 1.729l-8.919-8.913-8.92 8.913a1.224 1.224 0 01-1.729-1.729L10.04 11l-8.92-8.914a1.222 1.222 0 010-1.728z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></button> <div class="logo"><!----> <div class="title"><h1></h1> <p class="desc">This app can be installed on your PC or mobile device.  This will allow this web app to look and behave like any other installed app.  You will find it in your app lists and be able to pin it to your home screen, start menus or task bars.  This installed web app will also be able to safely interact with other apps and your operating system. </p></div></div></div> <div class="content"><div class="highlight"><!----> <!----></div> <div class="description"><h3>Description</h3> <p></p></div></div> <div class="button-wrapper"><button class="install-button">
        Install <span></span></button> <button class="cancel-button">
        Cancel
      </button></div></div></div></div><div tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-hidden="true" class="pswp"><div class="pswp__bg"></div> <div class="pswp__scroll-wrap"><div class="pswp__container"><div class="pswp__item"></div> <div class="pswp__item"></div> <div class="pswp__item"></div></div> <div class="pswp__ui pswp__ui--hidden"><div class="pswp__top-bar"><div class="pswp__counter"></div> <button title="Close (Esc)" class="pswp__button pswp__button--close"></button> <button title="Share" class="pswp__button pswp__button--share"></button> <button title="Toggle fullscreen" class="pswp__button pswp__button--fs"></button> <button title="Zoom in/out" class="pswp__button pswp__button--zoom"></button> <div class="pswp__preloader"><div class="pswp__preloader__icn"><div class="pswp__preloader__cut"><div class="pswp__preloader__donut"></div></div></div></div></div> <div class="pswp__share-modal pswp__share-modal--hidden pswp__single-tap"><div class="pswp__share-tooltip"></div></div> <button title="Previous (arrow left)" class="pswp__button pswp__button--arrow--left"></button> <button title="Next (arrow right)" class="pswp__button pswp__button--arrow--right"></button> <div class="pswp__caption"><div class="pswp__caption__center"></div></div></div></div></div></div></div>
    <script src="/presstest/assets/js/app.2f1bfa80.js" defer></script><script src="/presstest/assets/js/layout-Layout.87e745e0.js" defer></script><script src="/presstest/assets/js/vendors~layout-Blog~layout-Layout~layout-NotFound.5885b1db.js" defer></script><script src="/presstest/assets/js/vendors~layout-Blog~layout-Layout~layout-NotFound~layout-Slide.19644d68.js" defer></script><script src="/presstest/assets/js/vendors~layout-Blog~layout-Layout.5e573c4d.js" defer></script><script src="/presstest/assets/js/page-第1小节：什么是开源.7757fa39.js" defer></script>
  </body>
</html>
